A ganglion (or ganglion cyst) is a noncancerous lump or swelling that typically forms along tendons or joints, most commonly in the wrist or hand, but also in the ankle or foot. These cysts are filled with a jelly-like fluid and can vary in size, sometimes growing larger with increased activity and shrinking when at rest.
Causes
The exact cause of ganglion cysts is unclear, but they seem to develop due to:
- Joint or tendon irritation: Repetitive stress or trauma to the joint or tendon may trigger the formation of a cyst.
- Joint disorders: Conditions such as osteoarthritis can lead to the development of ganglion cysts, especially near the joints.
- Injury: Prior injuries to a joint or tendon may make it more prone to developing a cyst.
Symptoms
- Visible lump: A soft, smooth, and round lump under the skin, usually near a joint or tendon.
- Pain: While ganglion cysts are often painless, larger cysts may put pressure on nearby nerves, causing discomfort, tingling, or pain.
- Limited range of motion: In some cases, the cyst can interfere with joint movement.
Common Locations
- Wrist (dorsal or volar surface): Most ganglion cysts occur here, particularly on the back of the wrist.
- Finger joints: Cysts can also appear at the base or top of fingers.
- Ankle and foot: Though less common, ganglion cysts can form around these areas as well.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis typically involves:
- Physical examination: The doctor will feel the lump and check for tenderness or pain.
- Transillumination: Shining a light through the cyst can reveal whether it’s fluid-filled.
- Imaging tests: Ultrasound or MRI may be used to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions.
While ganglion cysts are benign, they can be bothersome due to their size or location, and treatment options should be tailored to each individual’s symptoms and preferences.